Infections (very common);
Low neutrophils (white blood cells) in the blood (neutropenia) (less common)

(May be severe)

When neutrophils are low, you are at risk of getting an infection more easily. Ask your health care team for the Neutropenia (Low white blood cell count) pamphlet for more information.


What to look for?

• If you feel hot or unwell (for example if you have chills or a new cough), you must check your temperature to see if you have a fever.
• Do not take medications that treat a fever before you take your temperature (for example, Tylenol®, acetaminophen, Advil® or ibuprofen).
• Do not eat or drink anything hot or cold right before taking your temperature.
   

You have a fever if your temperature taken in your mouth (oral temperature) is:

• 38.3°C (100.9°F) or higher at any time

  OR

• 38.0°C (100.4°F) or higher for at least one hour.
   

What to do?

• Wash your hands often to prevent infection.
• Check with your doctor before getting any vaccines, surgeries, medical procedures or visiting your dentist.
• Keep a digital thermometer at home so you can easily check for a fever.

If you have a fever:

If you have a fever, try to contact your health care team. If you are unable to talk to the team for advice, you must get emergency medical help right away.

Bleeding or bruising (common); low platelets in the blood (less common)

When your platelets are low, you are at risk for bleeding and bruising. Ask your health care team for the Low Platelet Count pamphlet for more information.

What to look for?

• Watch for signs of bleeding:
  • bleeding from your gums
  • unusual or heavy nosebleeds
  • bruising easily or more than normal
  • black coloured stools (poo) or blood in your stools (poo)
  • coughing up red or brown coloured mucus
  • dizziness, constant headache or changes in your vision
  • heavy vaginal bleeding
  • red or pink coloured urine (pee)

What to do?

If your health care team has told you that you have low platelets:

• Tell your pharmacist that your platelet count may be low before taking any prescriptions or over-the-counter medication.
• Check with your healthcare team before you go to the dentist.
• Take care of your mouth and use a soft toothbrush.
• Try to prevent cuts and bruises.
• Ask your health care team what activities are safe for you.
• Your treatment may have to be delayed if you have low platelets. Your health care team may recommend a blood transfusion.

If you have signs of bleeding:

• If you have a small bleed, clean the area with soap and water or a saline (saltwater) rinse. Apply pressure for at least 10 minutes.
   

If you have bleeding that does not stop or is severe (very heavy), you must get emergency medical help right away.

Headache; mild joint, muscle pain or cramps 

What to look for?

• New headache, pain in your muscles or joints, muscle cramps, or feeling achy.

What to do?

• Take pain medication (acetaminophen or opioids such as codeine, morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone) as prescribed.
• Read the above section: "What should I do if I feel unwell, have pain, a headache or a fever?" before taking acetaminophen (Tylenol®), ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®), naproxen (Aleve®) or Aspirin. These medications may hide an infection that needs treatment or they may increase your risk of bleeding.
• Rest often and try light exercise (such as walking) as it may help.

Ask your health care team for the Pain pamphlet for more information.

Diarrhea

What to look for?

• Loose, watery, unformed stool (poo) that may happen days to weeks after you get your treatment.

What to do?

If you have diarrhea:

• Take anti-diarrhea medication if your health care team prescribed it or told you to take it.
• Do not eat foods or drinks with artificial sweetener (like chewing gum or ‘diet’ drinks), coffee and alcohol.
• Eat many small meals and snacks instead of 2 or 3 large meals.
• Drink at least 6 to 8 cups of liquids each day, unless your health care team has told you to drink more or less.
• Talk to your health care team if you can’t drink 6 to 8 cups of liquids each day when you have diarrhea. You may need to drink special liquids with salt and sugar, called Oral Rehydration Therapy.
• Talk to your health care team if your diarrhea does not improve after 24 hours of taking diarrhea medication or if you have diarrhea more than 7 times in one day.

Ask your health care team for the Diarrhea pamphlet for more information.

Cancer cells dying quickly when you start treatment

You may have higher uric acid levels in the blood. In severe cases, Tumour Lysis Syndrome (TLS) can happen and make you very sick.

What to look for?

• Mild cases may cause pain in your joints.
• More severe cases (mostly in CLL) may cause TLS and cause fevers, kidney problems, confusion and be life-threatening.

What to do?

• Your doctor may prescribe medication to prevent these effects.
• Drink plenty of liquids (6 to 8 cups per day, unless you have been told otherwise) and pee frequently.

Get emergency medical help right away.

Nausea and vomiting

(Generally mild)

What to look for?

• Nausea is feeling like you need to throw up. You may also feel light-headed.
• You may feel nausea within hours to days after your treatment.

What to do?

To help prevent nausea:

• It is easier to prevent nausea than to treat it once it happens.
• Take your anti-nausea medication(s) as prescribed, even if you do not feel like throwing up.
• Drink clear liquids and have small meals. Get fresh air and rest.
• Do not eat spicy, fried foods or foods with a strong smell.
• Limit caffeine (like coffee, tea) and avoid alcohol.

If you have nausea or vomiting:

• Take your rescue (as-needed) anti-nausea medication(s) as prescribed.
• Ask your health care team for the Nausea & Vomiting pamphlet for more information.
• Talk to your health care team if:
  • nausea lasts more than 48 hours
  • vomiting lasts more than 24 hours or if it is severe

Talk to your health care team if nausea lasts more than 48 hours or vomiting lasts more than 24 hours or if severe.

Liver problems

Your health care team may check your liver function with a blood test. The liver changes do not usually cause any symptoms.

What to look for?

• Rarely, you may develop yellowish skin or eyes, unusually dark pee or pain on the right side of your belly. This may be severe.

What to do?

If you have any symptoms of liver problems, get emergency medical help right away.

Rash; dry, itchy skin

What to look for?

• You may have cracked, rough, flaking or peeling areas of the skin.
• Your skin may look red and feel warm, like a sunburn.
• Your skin may itch, burn, sting or feel very tender when touched.

What to do?

To prevent and treat dry skin:

• Use fragrance-free skin moisturizer.
• Protect your skin from the sun and the cold.
• Use sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection and a SPF of at least 30.
• Avoid perfumed products and lotions that contain alcohol.
• Drink 6 to 8 cups of non-alcoholic, non-caffeinated liquids each day, unless your health care team has told you to drink more or less.

Rash may be severe in some rare cases and cause your skin to blister or peel. If this happens, get emergency medical help right away.

Fatigue 

What to look for?

• Feeling of tiredness or low energy that lasts a long time and does not go away with rest or sleep.

What to do?

• Be active. Aim to get 30 minutes of moderate exercise (you are able to talk comfortably while exercising) on most days.
• Check with your health care team before starting any new exercise.
• Pace yourself, do not rush. Put off less important activities. Rest when you need to.
• Ask family or friends to help you with things like housework, shopping, and child or pet care.
• Eat well and drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water or other liquids every day (unless your health care team has told you to drink more or less).
• Avoid driving or using machinery if you are feeling tired.

Ask your health care team for the Fatigue pamphlet for more information. 

Dizziness

What to look for?

• You may feel light-headed and like you might faint (pass out).

What to do?

• Lay down right away so you do not fall.
• Slowly get up and start moving once you feel better.
• Do not drive a motor vehicle or use machinery if you feel dizzy.

Talk to your health care team if it does not improve or if it is severe.

Constipation

What to look for?

• Having bowel movements (going poo) less often than normal.
• Small hard stools (poo) that look like pellets.
• The need to push hard and strain to have any stool (poo) come out.
• Stomach ache or cramps.
• A bloated belly, feeling of fullness, or discomfort.
• Leaking of watery stools (poo).
• Lots of gas or burping.
• Nausea or vomiting.

What to do?

To help prevent constipation:

• Try to eat more fiber rich foods like fruits with skin, leafy greens and whole grains.
• Drink at least 6 to 8 cups of liquids each day unless your health care team has told you to drink more or less.
• Be Active. Exercise can help to keep you regular.
• If you take opioid pain medication, ask your health care team if eating more fibre is right for you.

To help treat constipation:

• If you have not had a bowel movement in 2 to 3 days you may need to take a laxative (medication to help you poo) to help you have regular bowel movements. Ask your health care team what to do.

Ask your health care team for the Constipation Pamphlet for more information.